Research notePY-2026-0277
Chargebacks have no analogue, and buyers notice
Irreversibility is a feature for the merchant and a problem for everyone selling to consumers.
0.9%▼ −0.1ppcard dispute rate, merchant sample
7 minFinTech Payment Rails
Final settlement removes a cost merchants dislike and removes a protection consumers rely on. Adoption reflects that split cleanly: business-to-business flows move, consumer checkout does not.
Escrow and reversible wrappers exist and reintroduce an intermediary, which was the thing being removed.